{"id":3150,"date":"2022-02-05T12:49:40","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T12:49:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elg.is\/?p=3150"},"modified":"2022-02-05T12:49:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-05T12:49:42","slug":"perlur-sudurnesja-forn-eydibyggd-a-reykjanesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elg.is\/?p=3150","title":{"rendered":"Su\u00f0urnesjaperlur: Forn ey\u00f0ibygg\u00f0 \u00e1 Reykjanesi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Um \u00fea\u00f0 bil fimm k\u00edl\u00f3metra su\u00f0ur af H\u00f6fnum \u00e1 Reykjanesi er afar \u00e1hugavert og merkilegt sv\u00e6\u00f0i sem hefur a\u00f0 geyma fj\u00f6lda minja fr\u00e1 fyrri t\u00ed\u00f0ar b\u00fasetu.  \u00dear m\u00e1 finna aldagamla b\u00e6jarh\u00f3la, t\u00f3ftir, leifar mi\u00f0aldakirkjugar\u00f0s, gar\u00f0hle\u00f0slur \u00fdmiskonar og \u00f6nnur mannvirki sem tilheyr\u00f0u b\u00e6junum sem \u00fearna st\u00f3\u00f0u.  \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 teljast \u00f3tr\u00falegt hve l\u00edtill gaumur hefur veri\u00f0 gefinn a\u00f0 \u00feessu sv\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00dearna g\u00e6ti nefnilega veri\u00f0 veisla fyrir fornleifafr\u00e6\u00f0inga me\u00f0 hla\u00f0bor\u00f0i minja \u00fev\u00ed ekki er loku fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 skoti\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu hafi veri\u00f0 b\u00fai\u00f0 allt fr\u00e1 landn\u00e1mst\u00ed\u00f0.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kirkja og kirkjugar\u00f0ur til forna<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Hafnir draga nafn sitt af af tveimur b\u00e6janna, Sandh\u00f6fn og Kirkjuh\u00f6fn. Sandh\u00f6fn, sem skiptist \u00ed Litlu og St\u00f3ru-Sandh\u00f6fn, mun hafa fari\u00f0 \u00ed ey\u00f0i um \u00e1ri\u00f0 1600 og Kirkjuh\u00f6fn litlu fyrr. \u00de\u00f3 ber heimildum ekki alveg saman hven\u00e6r n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega \u00feessir b\u00e6ir f\u00f3ru \u00ed ey\u00f0i, \u00fea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti hlaupi\u00f0 \u00e1 50 \u00e1rum til e\u00f0a fr\u00e1. Eins og \u00f6rnefni\u00f0 bendir til mun kirkja hafa veri\u00f0 \u00ed Kirkjuh\u00f6fn.  Vita\u00f0 er a\u00f0 h\u00fan var \u00fear \u00e1ri\u00f0 1350 en tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi lagst af nokkru s\u00ed\u00f0ar. Eftir \u00fea\u00f0 fluttist s\u00f3knarkirkja Hafnanna a\u00f0 Vogi, \u00fea\u00f0an a\u00f0 Kirkjuvogi um 1575 og voru \u00fe\u00e1 bein flutt fr\u00e1 Kirkjuh\u00f6fn \u00ed Kirkjuvogsgar\u00f0.  R\u00fast af hinum forna kirkjugar\u00f0i er vel greinileg vi\u00f0 Kirkjuhafnarh\u00f3linn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Horft yfir Kirkjuh\u00f6fn. \u00c1 grasi gr\u00f3num b\u00e6jarh\u00f3lnum vottar fyrir t\u00f3ftum. N\u00e6r okkur sj\u00e1st tvo samtengd, hla\u00f0in veggbrot. Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 hinn forni kirkjugar\u00f0ur sem lag\u00f0ist af \u00e1 14. \u00f6ld. Ofan vi\u00f0 veggina er t\u00f3ft sem g\u00e6ti hafa veri\u00f0 kapella. Til vinstri vi\u00f0 h\u00f3linn er \u00fe\u00fast \u00fear sem tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 kirkjan hafi sta\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/strong><\/em>
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50 hur\u00f0ir \u00e1 hj\u00f6rum<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vestast \u00ed \u00feessu b\u00e6jahverfi st\u00f3\u00f0 b\u00e6rinn Eyri (Hafnaeyri). Heimildum ber ekki saman um hven\u00e6r hann f\u00f3r \u00ed ey\u00f0i, ein segir \u00e1ri\u00f0 1770 og \u00f6nnur 1830. Austast er grasi vaxinn h\u00f3ll \u00fear sem b\u00e6rinn B\u00e6li hefur sta\u00f0i\u00f0 en um hann er l\u00edti\u00f0 vita\u00f0. Sandh\u00f6fn og Kirkjuh\u00f6fn voru hins vegar \u00feekkt st\u00f3rb\u00fdli og helsta \u00fatr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed H\u00f6fnum.  Heimildir herma a\u00f0 biskupsst\u00f3ll hafi gert \u00fat a\u00f0 minnsta kosti 10 skip fr\u00e1 Kirkjuh\u00f6fn. Til eru heimildir um st\u00e6r\u00f0 Kirkjuhafnar sem segja a\u00f0 \u00fear hafi veri\u00f0 miklar byggingar me\u00f0 50 hur\u00f0um \u00e1 hj\u00f6rum.  H\u00fas \u00feau er tilheyr\u00f0u Sandh\u00f6fn munu einnig hafa veri\u00f0 m\u00f6rg og vegleg \u00e1 \u00feess t\u00edma m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a. \u00dev\u00ed hefur veri\u00f0 haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 upphaf \u00fatflutnings \u00e1 verku\u00f0um saltfiski fr\u00e1 \u00cdslandi hafi veri\u00f0 \u00ed Sandh\u00f6fn og Kirkjuh\u00f6fn.  Eftir Reykjaneselda \u00e1 13. \u00f6ld f\u00f3r sandfok a\u00f0 herja \u00e1 bygg\u00f0ina og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1samt landbroti ger\u00f0i \u00fat um hana a\u00f0 lokum.
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Vi\u00f0 Eyri eru nokku\u00f0 vanda\u00f0ir veggir sem l\u00edklega hafa veri\u00f0 hla\u00f0nir utan um k\u00e1lgar\u00f0 fremur en f\u00e9.<\/em><\/strong>
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Af sandi \u00f6ld\u00fangis ey\u00f0ilagt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cd Jar\u00f0ab\u00f3k \u00c1rna Magn\u00fassonar og P\u00e1ls V\u00eddal\u00edns er l\u00fdsing \u00e1 j\u00f6r\u00f0um \u00ed Hafnahreppi skrifu\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1703. \u00dear er Sandh\u00f6fn s\u00f6g\u00f0 ey\u00f0ij\u00f6r\u00f0 til 50 \u00e1ra og s\u00e9 k\u00f3ngs eign.  \u201eN\u00fa er alt jar\u00f0arinnar land af sandi \u00f6ld\u00fangis ey\u00f0ilagt og graslaust vor\u00f0i\u00f0, svo \u00f3byggjandi er,\u201c segir \u00ed l\u00fdsingunni. \u201e\u00c1\u00f0ur hefur \u00fear g\u00f3\u00f0 versta\u00f0a veri\u00f0, og gengu \u00fe\u00e1 til vers m\u00f6rg innt\u00f6kuskip, eftir hv\u00f6r a\u00f0 \u00e1b\u00faandi t\u00f3k undirgift. N\u00fa er \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 hafa \u00fear verst\u00f6\u00f0u, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sandur fordjarfar verg\u00f6gn \u00f6ll og ver\u00f0ur b\u00fa\u00f0um ekki uppi haldi\u00f0 fyrir \u00feakleysi. T\u00fani\u00f0 fordjarfast af sandi \u00e1rlega meir og meir. Engjar eru \u00f6ngvar. Hagar \u00ed lakasta m\u00e1ta sumar og vetur, so hjer so sem \u00ed allri sveitinni. Selst\u00f6\u00f0u hefur j\u00f6r\u00f0in \u00e1tt sem n\u00fa er a\u00f0 mestu ey\u00f0il\u00f6g\u00f0 fyrir sandi, og ver\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed valla e\u00f0ur ekki br\u00faku\u00f0, og er auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 snart muni h\u00fan a\u00f0 \u00f6ngvu li\u00f0i ver\u00f0a. Fyrir st\u00f3rvi\u00f0rum er mj\u00f6g h\u00e6tt af ska\u00f0legu sandfj\u00faki. Torfrista og st\u00fanga er engin nema \u00ed sendinni j\u00f6r\u00f0 og \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e6stum \u00f3n\u00fdt\u201c. \u00deannig l\u00fdsa \u00feeir \u00c1rni og P\u00e1ll a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um \u00ed sveitinni, sem vir\u00f0ast samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessu hafa veri\u00f0 fremur n\u00f6turlegar \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Veggir sokknir \u00ed sandinn, sem \u00f6llu eyddi. H\u00e9r hefur tr\u00falega veri\u00f0 \u00fatih\u00fas me\u00f0 veglegu ger\u00f0i \u00ed kring. <\/strong><\/em>
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Gar\u00f0urinn langi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1ri\u00f0 1996 ger\u00f0u Gu\u00f0mundur \u00d3lafsson og Sigur\u00f0ur Bergsteinsson fornleifak\u00f6nnun \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu \u00ed tengslum vi\u00f0 fyrirhuga\u00f0a byggingu manges\u00edumverksmi\u00f0ju. Ekkert var\u00f0 \u00far \u00feeim framkv\u00e6mdum en eftir stendur \u00e1g\u00e6t sk\u00fdrsla \u00feeirra f\u00e9laga \u00e1 vegum Fornleifadeildar \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafns \u00cdslands.  Gu\u00f0mundur og Sigur\u00f0ur r\u00e1\u00f0ger\u00f0u a\u00f0 ey\u00f0a einum degi \u00ed vettvangsk\u00f6nnun en \u00feeir ur\u00f0u tveir \u00fev\u00ed mun fleiri minjar komu \u00ed lj\u00f3s en b\u00faist var vi\u00f0. \u00cd sk\u00fdrslunni greina \u00feeir fr\u00e1 \u00feeim mannvirkjum sem \u00feeir fundu \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu. \u00dear er me\u00f0al annars geti\u00f0 um t\u00fangar\u00f0, sem s\u00e9st greinilega \u00e1 loftmyndum. Lengd hans s\u00e6tir undrun en \u00feegar m\u00e6listika er sett \u00e1 kort m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 hann er um 2km langur, a\u00f0 v\u00edsu ekki alveg \u00f3slitinn.
\u201eGar\u00f0urinn liggur fr\u00e1 Hafnabergi til austurs og markar sennilega t\u00fan e\u00f0a landamerki Eyrarb\u00e6jar og Sandhafnar til su\u00f0urs. Vestasti hluti gar\u00f0sins er sokkinn \u00ed sand og a\u00f0 miklu leyti hruninn. Grj\u00f3tdreif \u00far hle\u00f0slunni er \u00e1 um 3 m brei\u00f0u sv\u00e6\u00f0i. Um 50 m fr\u00e1 str\u00f6ndinni er um 2,5 m breitt rof \u00ed gar\u00f0inn fyrir vegarsl\u00f3\u00f0a. \u00dea\u00f0an liggur hle\u00f0slan \u00e1fram til austurs. Sandur hefur lagst upp a\u00f0 henni beggja vegna \u00feannig a\u00f0 h\u00fan er a\u00f0 mestu \u00ed kafi. V\u00ed\u00f0a er nokkur grj\u00f3tdreif og hrun \u00far hle\u00f0slunni, einkum a\u00f0 nor\u00f0anver\u00f0u. \u00cd rofabar\u00f0i vi\u00f0 vegarsl\u00f3\u00f0ann virtist veggja\u00feykktin geta hafa veri\u00f0 um 1 m a\u00f0 breidd, en \u00fear sem sandurinn hefur safnast upp a\u00f0 hle\u00f0slunni hefur einfaldri og um 0,3 m brei\u00f0ri steinhle\u00f0slu veri\u00f0 b\u00e6tt ofan \u00e1 vegginn. H\u00e6\u00f0 hle\u00f0slunnar ofan sands er allt a\u00f0 0,5 m,\u201c segir \u00ed l\u00fdsingunni.
Tr\u00falega hefur gar\u00f0i \u00feessum veri\u00f0 \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 verja t\u00fanin fyrir sandfokinu, sem a\u00f0 lokum kaff\u00e6r\u00f0i hann a\u00f0 mestu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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H\u00e9r er oft yfir austasta hluta gar\u00f0sins, sem a\u00f0 ofan er l\u00fdst.<\/strong><\/em>
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\u00cd b\u00e6jarh\u00f3l Litlu-Sandhafnar eru greinilegar t\u00f3ftir og hla\u00f0inn gar\u00f0ur.<\/em><\/strong>
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Gamlar hle\u00f0slur, anna\u00f0 hvort matjurtagar\u00f0ar e\u00f0a fj\u00e1rr\u00e9tt. \u00deegar horft er eftir str\u00f6ndinni m\u00e1 greinilega sj\u00e1 b\u00e6jarh\u00f3lana. Grash\u00f3llinn n\u00e6st okkur \u00e1 myndinni hefur l\u00edklega tilheyrt b\u00e6num B\u00e6li. Svo kemur Kirkjuhafnarh\u00f3llinn og h\u00f3larnir tveir fj\u00e6r eru b\u00e6jarh\u00f3lar St\u00f3ru og Litlu-Sandhafna. Eyri st\u00f3\u00f0 svo \u00e1 nesinu fj\u00e6rst \u00e1 myndinni. Stutt var \u00e1 milli b\u00e6ja \u00e1 \u00feessum sl\u00f3\u00f0um svo \u00ed raun er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tala um b\u00e6jahverfi.<\/em><\/strong>
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Hugsanlega bygg\u00f0 fr\u00e1 landn\u00e1mst\u00ed\u00f0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00deeir Gu\u00f0mundir og Sigur\u00f0ur l\u00fdsa fj\u00f6lda minja \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu,  s.s. fj\u00e1rr\u00e9tt, \u00fdmsum t\u00f3ftum og gar\u00f0hle\u00f0slum, upps\u00e1trum og v\u00f6rum, fiskbyrjum og a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0u b\u00e6jarh\u00f3lunum. Telja \u00feeir t\u00fangar\u00f0inn langa sennilega fr\u00e1 sama t\u00edma og b\u00e6rinn \u00ed Sandh\u00f6fn. \u201eH\u00e9r eru \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00f6llum l\u00edkindum minjar sem eru a.m.k. or\u00f0nar 400 \u00e1ra gamlar og \u00fear me\u00f0 vernda\u00f0ur samkv\u00e6mt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0minjal\u00f6gum nr 88. fr\u00e1 1989. \u00dev\u00ed m\u00e1 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6jarh\u00f3lar hla\u00f0ast upp \u00e1 l\u00f6ngum t\u00edma. Mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 umfang b\u00e6jarh\u00f3lanna \u00e1 \u00feessu sv\u00e6\u00f0i m\u00e1 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir byggingarskei\u00f0um sem n\u00e1 yfir margar aldir, hugsanlega allt fr\u00e1 upphafi landn\u00e1ms,\u201c segir \u00ed sk\u00fdrslunni. Af \u00feeim or\u00f0um m\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0a a\u00f0 spennandi g\u00e6ti reynst fyrir fornleifafr\u00e6\u00f0inga a\u00f0 krukka \u00ed b\u00e6jarh\u00f3la hinnar horfnu bygg\u00f0ar. Tr\u00falega k\u00e6mi \u00fdmislegt forvitnilegt \u00ed lj\u00f3s. En til \u00feess \u00fearf au\u00f0vita\u00f0 fj\u00e1rmagn, sem oftast er af skornum skammti \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 fornleifaranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Greinilegar t\u00f3ftir \u00e1 b\u00e6jarh\u00f3li Sandhafnar.<\/strong><\/em>
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\u00de\u00e6gileg og \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 g\u00f6ngufer\u00f0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Gamli \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0vegurinn l\u00e1 um \u00feetta sv\u00e6\u00f0i og n\u00e6r Hafnabergi en n\u00fdrri vegurinn. Ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 hann s\u00e9 b\u00edlf\u00e6r lengur nema fyrir g\u00f3\u00f0a jeppa.  Engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a er samt til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f6snast eftir sl\u00f3\u00f0inni \u00feegar h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 gera skemmtilega og \u00e1hugaver\u00f0a g\u00f6ngufer\u00f0 um sv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0.  Vi\u00f0 fiskeldisst\u00f6\u00f0ina skammt sunnan Junkarager\u00f0is er \u00fatskot \u00e1 n\u00fdja veginum \u00fear sem h\u00e6gt er skilja b\u00edlinn eftir. \u00dea\u00f0an er sl\u00f3\u00f0 gamla vegarins fylgt. A\u00f0 Eyri og til baka er gangan um \u00fea\u00f0 bil 6 k\u00edl\u00f3metrar. En \u00far \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur er kominn \u00fea\u00f0 langt er ekki \u00far vegi a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta sm\u00e1vegis vi\u00f0 g\u00f6nguna og sko\u00f0a nyrsta hluta Hafnabergs og fuglal\u00edfi\u00f0 \u00fear. \u00cd heildina g\u00e6ti \u00feetta \u00fe\u00e1 veri\u00f0 um 8-9 k\u00edl\u00f3metra \u00fe\u00e6gileg ganga um \u00e1hugaver\u00f0ar, fornar sl\u00f3\u00f0ir. H\u00e9r ne\u00f0ar \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0unni eru kort sem s\u00fdna sta\u00f0setninguna, auk fleiri lj\u00f3smynda fr\u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu. Vakin er s\u00e9rst\u00f6k athygli \u00e1 myndbandinu ne\u00f0st \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0unni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tv\u00e6r \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0s\u00f6gur<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 smella \u00e1 tenglana h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 lesa skemmtilegar munnm\u00e6las\u00f6gur fr\u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu. \u00de\u00e6r eru skr\u00e1\u00f0ar af J\u00f3n Thorarensen \u00ed Rau\u00f0skinnu hinni n\u00fdrri og birtar h\u00e9r \u00f3breyttar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vogm\u00e6rin \u00e1 Eyri<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1lfkonan \u00ed Kirkjuh\u00f6fn<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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\u00c1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu er a\u00f0 finna nokkur fiskbyrgi og h\u00e1karlabyrgi eins og h\u00e9r s\u00e9st. \u00de\u00e1 eru a\u00f0 minnsta kosti tv\u00e6r gamlar refagildrur \u00e1 sv\u00e6\u00f0inu og er mynd af annarri \u00feeirra h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an.
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