{"id":3736,"date":"2023-11-26T21:33:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T21:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/elg.is\/?p=3736"},"modified":"2023-11-26T01:14:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-26T01:14:00","slug":"landbrotsholar-medal-merkilegustu-jardminja-islands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elg.is\/?p=3736","title":{"rendered":"Landbrotsh\u00f3lar: Me\u00f0al merkilegustu jar\u00f0minja \u00cdslands"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00d3teljandi, grasivaxnir h\u00f3lar einkenna landslagi\u00f0 \u00ed Landbroti og margur vegfarandinn veltir \u00feeim fyrir s\u00e9r \u00feegar eki\u00f0 er eftir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0veginum vestan Kirkjub\u00e6jarklausturs.  H\u00f3larnir \u00feekja enda st\u00f3rt sv\u00e6\u00f0i og gefa landslaginu s\u00e9rkennilegt svipm\u00f3t.  \u00deeir eru samt ekki af sama mei\u00f0i og h\u00f3larnir \u00ed Vatnsdal \u00fe\u00f3tt b\u00e6\u00f0i fyrirb\u00e6rin s\u00e9u \u00f3teljandi.<\/strong>
Landbrotsh\u00f3larnir eru me\u00f0 merkilegustu jar\u00f0minjum landsins \u00fev\u00ed h\u00e9r er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a gervig\u00edga sem koma bers\u00fdnilega \u00ed lj\u00f3s \u00feegar \u00feeir eru sko\u00f0a\u00f0ir ofanfr\u00e1 eins og me\u00f0fylgjandi lj\u00f3smyndir bera me\u00f0 s\u00e9r. Gervig\u00edgar af \u00feessu tagi ver\u00f0a til \u00ed miklum gufusprengingum \u00feegar gl\u00f3andi heitt hraun rennur yfir votlendi, s.s. m\u00fdra- og tjarnasv\u00e6\u00f0i. Landbrotsh\u00f3lar eru v\u00ed\u00f0\u00e1ttumesta gervig\u00edasv\u00e6\u00f0i landsins, um 50 ferk\u00edl\u00f3metrar a\u00f0 flatarm\u00e1li.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Skiptar sko\u00f0anir hafa veri\u00f0 um aldur og tilur\u00f0 gervig\u00edganna \u00ed Landbroti enda eru margar eldst\u00f6\u00f0var \u00e1 \u00feessu sv\u00e6\u00f0i og kannski ekki alltaf gott a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvers hraun tilheyra hva\u00f0a eldst\u00f6\u00f0vum. \u00cd dag vir\u00f0ist almennt vera liti\u00f0 svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 hrauni\u00f0 tilheyri Eldgj\u00e1rgosinu 934. J\u00f3n J\u00f3nsson skrifa\u00f0i talsvert um jar\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ina \u00e1 \u00feessi sv\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru t\u00f6lubla\u00f0i N\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0ingsins \u00e1ri\u00f0 1990 skrifar hann a\u00f0 telja ver\u00f0i n\u00e6r fulla s\u00f6nnun fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hrauni\u00f0 s\u00e9 komi\u00f0 alla lei\u00f0 \u00far Kambag\u00edgum, sem eru nor\u00f0vestan vi\u00f0 Lakag\u00edga, og s\u00e9 \u00fev\u00ed 7000 \u00e1ra gamalt. Ekki er m\u00e9r kunnugt um hvers vegna Eldgj\u00e1rgosi\u00f0 var\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ar ofan\u00e1.
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\u00c1 V\u00edsindavefnum er a\u00f0 finna greinarkorn eftir \u00c1rmann H\u00f6skuldsson, eldfjallafr\u00e6\u00f0ing, um tilur\u00f0 gervig\u00edga en hann skrifar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e1. Hrauni\u00f0 rennur yfir vatns\u00f3sa jar\u00f0veginn, en s\u00f6kum hitamismunar \u00feess og yfirbor\u00f0svatns gufar allt yfirbor\u00f0svatn upp. Eing\u00f6ngu ver\u00f0ur eftir \u00fea\u00f0 vatn sem geymt er \u00ed jar\u00f0veginum \u00fev\u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 kemst ekki \u00ed beina snertingu vi\u00f0 hrauni\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u00deegar hrauni\u00f0 hefur huli\u00f0 jar\u00f0veginn fer \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feykkna og \u00fe\u00e1 eykst \u00fer\u00fdstingur \u00e1 undirlagi\u00f0 (\u00fer\u00fdstingur = \u00feykkt x e\u00f0lis\u00feyngd x \u00feyngdarhr\u00f6\u00f0un).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3. Aukinn \u00fer\u00fdstingur pressar vatni\u00f0 \u00far hinum vatns\u00f3sa jar\u00f0vegi sem er undir hrauninu. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 kemst vatni\u00f0 \u00ed snertingu vi\u00f0 sj\u00f3\u00f0heitt hrauni\u00f0 og myndar gufu. Gufan kemst hins vegar ekki \u00ed burtu \u00fear sem h\u00fan er f\u00f6st undir hrauninu. \u00deegar gufu\u00fer\u00fdstingur er or\u00f0inn h\u00e6rri en sem nemur \u00e1lags\u00fer\u00fdstingi hraunsins br\u00fdst gufan upp \u00ed gegnum hrauni\u00f0 me\u00f0 miklum sprengingum og gervig\u00edgagos hefst.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ef sko\u00f0a\u00f0 er sni\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum gervig\u00edga kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 fyrsta efni\u00f0 sem kemur upp \u00ed gosinu er yfirleitt mj\u00f6g r\u00edkt af jar\u00f0vegi og undirlagsefnum. Er l\u00ed\u00f0a tekur \u00e1 gosi\u00f0 ver\u00f0a hraunflyksur og gjallmolar hins vegar meira \u00e1berandi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gervig\u00edgar eru ekki \u00ed neinu fr\u00e1brug\u00f0nir \u00f6\u00f0rum g\u00edgum \u00ed \u00fatliti ef \u00feeir n\u00e1 a\u00f0 gj\u00f3sa nokkrum sinnum. En ver\u00f0i bara nokkrar sprengingar \u00ed \u00feeim mynda \u00feeir gjarnan h\u00f3la \u00e1n g\u00edgsk\u00e1la. A\u00f0al munurinn \u00e1 gervig\u00edgum og \u00f6\u00f0rum g\u00edgum liggur \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeir fyrrnefndu hafa engar r\u00e6tur, \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 segja \u00fea\u00f0 eru engar a\u00f0f\u00e6rslu\u00e6\u00f0ar (gangar) a\u00f0 \u00feeim eins og \u00ed \u00f6llum \u00f6\u00f0rum g\u00edgum.\u201c

\u00c1 v\u00edsindavefnum segir ennfremur um gervig\u00edga:
\u201eSveinn P\u00e1lsson, l\u00e6knir og n\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0ingur, \u00e1tta\u00f0i sig fyrstur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed (1793) a\u00f0 g\u00edgar af \u00feessu tagi eru mynda\u00f0ir vi\u00f0 gufusprengingar, en almennt var \u00fea\u00f0 ekki vi\u00f0urkennt fyrr en Sigur\u00f0ur \u00de\u00f3rarinsson l\u00fdsti gervig\u00edgunum vi\u00f0 M\u00fdvatn um 1950. \u00c1\u00f0ur t\u00f6ldu \u00fdmsir \u00fe\u00fdskir eldfjallafr\u00e6\u00f0ingar \u00fe\u00e1 vera s\u00e9rstaka ger\u00f0 af eldst\u00f6\u00f0vum, \u201esv\u00e6\u00f0isgos\u201c (Aerialeruption), \u00f3l\u00edka sprungugosum og gosum fr\u00e1 einst\u00f6kum g\u00edg.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uppghaflega birt 12. \u00e1g\u00fast 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Upphaflega birt 12. \u00e1g\u00fast 2021.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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